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--- Wednesday, June 29, 2005
Guess We Won't Be Singing Kumbayah...
The New York Times reports on a bizarrely themed summer camp for kids that reaches out to those who don't believe in God.
Providing a haven for the children of nonbelievers is what Camp Quest is all about. As the camp's official T-shirt announces, it's a place that's "beyond belief." More precisely, it claims to be the first summer sleep-away camp in the country for atheist, agnostic and secular humanist children.
Nearly two million American adults openly identify themselves as atheist or agnostic, according to a 2001 survey by the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. As a group, they face more than their share of bigotry, said Edwin F. Kagin, Camp Quest's longtime director, and their children are often made to feel like outcasts.
Many of the two dozen campers who attended this year's session last week recounted experiences of being called names and otherwise harassed. For instance, Travis Leepers, 17, from Louisiana, reported that just about everyone he knows has expressed concern to him about his soul and has tried to convert him.
Sophia Riehemann, 14, from Bellevue, Ky., recalled how one of her schoolmates called her a devil-worshiper. "People get really confused sometimes," Sophia said. "They think that if we don't believe in God we believe in the devil."
At Camp Quest, children age 8 to 17 take part in all the usual summer camp activities. But in addition to horseback riding, organized water balloon fights and outdoor survival lessons, the camp's volunteer staff aims to promote a healthy respect for science and rational inquiry, while assuring campers that there is nothing wrong with not believing in the Bible and not putting stock in a supreme creator. The concept of bonding under the banner of what one does not believe has always struck me to be a strange way to form community. The worship of nature, self, or nothing does not naturally (so to speak) lend itself to be a rallying point, outside of a trendy, counter-cultural means of expressing disdain for faith -- a disdain that is sprinkled throughout the Times article.
Perhaps, as the article so subtly implies, people of faith have been less than welcoming to unbelieving brethren, yet is it really so offensive that "everyone he knows has expressed concern...about his soul"?
No question, members of the Body of Christ have (or ought to have) a unique, special, and enviable bond. But atheists isolating themselves in some kind of Vacation Bible-less School can only produce a facade of that relationship. Evolution and naturalism, after all, are rather cold and soul-deprived elements upon which to form camaraderie.
Northern Neighbor Inches Toward Redefinition of Marriage
Canada is now just a couple of short steps away from permitting same-sex marriage throughout the nation after the House of Commons passed the controversial legislation yesterday.
Canada would become only the third country in the world to legalize gay marriage under landmark legislation passed in the House of Commons in spite of fierce opposition from Conservatives and religious leaders.
The bill would grant same-sex couples legal rights equal to those in traditional unions between a man and a woman, something already legal in a majority of Canadian provinces. The legislation drafted by Prime Minister Paul Martin's minority Liberal Party government was also expected to easily pass the Senate and become federal law by the end of July. Canada's drift toward homosexual marriage is disappointing, but not surprising, especially after the country's supreme court thrust the issue onto the fast track. And with other provinces having already an expanded definition of "marriage," the federal redefinition was perhaps inevitable. But that doesn't make it any less tragic.
Law and Order: SCOTUS
Cal Thomas criticizes the Supreme Court's decisions on Ten Commandments displays but downplays the need to rely on such earthly manifestations of public belief.
The reason the Supreme Court has issued so many conflicting and confusing rulings on this and other subjects is that it has abandoned the Constitution as its only standard in favor of making law to suit its own purposes.
In this, the justices resemble violators of one or more of the Ten Commandments (and that includes us all): turning away from things that are designed to preserve, protect and defend us and ruling only as they see fit (see Judges 21:25).
The court ignores the First Amendment, which prohibits Congress, not the states, from "establishing" religion. By restricting what may be displayed on public property, the Court also damages the "free exercise" clause. It erects a "no trespassing" sign for people who believe in God and wish to say so on public property, which is paid for by citizens of many and no religious persuasions....
While critics of these mostly anti-religious rulings are right in scolding the court for its misinterpretation of the Constitution, are such persons also in violation of the will of the very God they claim to represent? Why, in fact, do such people feel the need for public displays representing what they believe? Isn't this a kind of false security, similar to airport security screeners? The reason that the Court's ruling is so detrimental is not that the Ten Commandments -- or more importantly, the God they represent -- are under any real threat. But America surely is in danger of losing many of the moral boundaries contained in that very Decalogue, and we further lose much if the legal foundation created by our Constitution is also stripped away by fickle courts that re-interpret the basics of American law on a whim.
--- Tuesday, June 28, 2005
From Sinai to the Supreme Court
In a pair of long-awaited decisions over the Ten Commandments' place on government property, the US Supreme Court offered a pair of at times contradictory, ever frustrating, rulings. The Court determined that a display of the Commandments at Kentucky courthouses had to be removed but that a monument on Texas government land passed muster. While the decisions could have produced a larger blow to the acknowledgement of God in the public square, the Court certainly managed to chip away at it ever more. The Washington Times editorializes with a similar point:
If one consolation emerges from this ruling, it's the fact that the majority declined to rule more broadly about the display of religious symbols in public spaces, limiting itself only to the display of the Ten Commandments inside courthouses. But insofar as this ruling stands as an attempt to scrub religion from public life, it serves as a reminder that Mr. Bush has hard work ahead of him in the search for the right judges for the nation's courts. And George Will defends the presence of the Judeo-Christian worldview throughout the history of American government.
The generation that wrote and ratified the First Amendment obviously thought that none of these practices...violated the Establishment Clause. So why is today's court preoccupied with the supposed problem of mere displays of the Commandments? Because beginning about 25 years ago the court evidently decided that the Establishment Clause's historical context, and the Framers' intentions regarding it, are irrelevant....But this is a merely prudential, not a constitutional consideration. On Monday the justices churned out 140 pages of opinions and dissents about the Texas and Kentucky displays. Here is a one-sentence opinion that should suffice in such cases: "Because the display on public grounds does not do what the Establishment Clause was written to prevent -- does not impose a state-sponsored creed or significantly advantage or disadvantage one sect or sects -- the display is constitutional." Justice Antonin Scalia offered a similar history lesson in a pointed dissent in the Kentucky case. That opinion makes clear that common sense could find no contention between the Constitution and the display of even the most overt of "religious" symbols. Culture may have shifted drastically during the past 200 years, but the United States remains a nation that overwhelmingly acknowledges a supreme being (in word, at least, if not always in deed). Yet a few Supreme Court justices have overstepped their role in attempting to rewrite the Constitution to fit their interpretation of the changing culture.
Indeed, we understand that monuments to the Ten Commandments, whether in a state courthouse or in the Supreme Court building itself, hold no special power or abundant influence. But by creating the presumption that such displays are unconstitutional, the Court has butchered the Constitution and irresponsibly wielded its power to strip the nation of its reverence toward Almighty God.
--- Thursday, June 23, 2005
The Fundamental Curse
A column in the International Herald Tribune blames "fundamentalism" for a supposed lapse in American scientific study -- along with pretty much every other ill to befall the world in the past 3000 years.
For decades, "big science" -- indeed any kind of science -- has been led by the United States. There are warning signs, however, that American science is losing its edge, and may even have peaked. One reason is that as religious and political fundamentalism tighten their grip, they are beginning to sap America's intellectual vitality.
By contrast, the political turmoil that has broken out on the other side of the Atlantic shows that Europeans grasp how destructive fundamentalism can be....As a result of fundamentalist opposition, America is already falling behind in cloning and stem cell research, now led by South Korean, Italian and British scientists. In February the New Scientist reported a survey in which fully half the scientists working for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said they had been pushed to alter or withdraw scientific findings for political reasons....Yet history shows that fundamentalism leads only to stagnation and disaster. The author lumps together every version of so-called fundamentalism, from Christian to Buddhist to Islam, and obviously one cannot defend the views of all of them. The radical claims and beliefs inherent in certain worldviews truly are oppressive to mankind and a threat to civil existence. But devout belief, in and of itself, does not by necessity correlate to a view of life that is anathema to progress.
To be sure, many of the tenets of the Christian faith that are labeled as regressive or extreme serve as moral constraints to a modernity that seeks to free mankind of limits to his own will. Being against stem cell research or cloning hardly constitutes an opposition to "science" -- perhaps it could more accurately be described as a reverence for the far-reaching effects and consequences (both good and bad) of scientific study.
Yet to abandon the authority of an almighty God presents merely another kind of fundamentalism, one espousing the supremely radical idea that man is free to pursue the whims of his heart without being held accountable.
Let Not Man Put Asunder
Suzanne Fields contends that American culture should resist the effort to redefine -- or nullify -- the instutition of marriage.
Marriage has never been easy. Sexual liberation has taken its toll. The Pill promoted promiscuity and reduced birth rates, and illegitimacy continues to hit poor young women hardest. Divorce is sometimes regarded as merely a form of human recycling, but new research suggests that divorce is bad for your health, which ought to get some couples to try harder to stay together. Increasing numbers of young men and women are going into couple therapy before they get married; children of divorce don't want their children to go through what they did.
Through thick and thin (or even thin and thin), for better and for worse, marriage as an institution continues to define public norms that shape public attitudes and personal expectations. We ought to keep it that way. Philosophers from John Locke to John Rawls emphasize the importance of conjugal marriage for democratic society, and most of us understand that children do best with a mother and a father. So before we start tampering with our respect for traditional marriage, we should pay heed to what we know that works. If we don't want to do that for our selfish selves, we must do it for the sake of the children. On physical, emotional, and spiritual levels, marriage provides a depth of richness that can be realized in no other human relationship. History is abundantly replete with attempts to distort that relationship or replace it with counterfeits, which may supply the carnal desires of men but inevitably lack the commitment, purpose, and intimacy that are demanded by marriage. A moral society cannot survive if such a respite of love and accountability is tarnished.
The Ballot Box and the Prayer Closet
In a similar spirit to the Cal Thomas column I cited yesterday, Christianity Today editorializes that American Christianity cannot allow itself to offer its highest appeals to the founding personalities and documents of the United States.
George W. Bush is not Lord. The Declaration of Independence is not an infallible guide to Christian faith and practice. Nor is the U.S. Constitution, nor the U.N. Universal Declaration on Human Rights. "Original intent" of America's founders is not the hermeneutical key that will guarantee national righteousness. The American flag is not the Cross. The Pledge of Allegiance is not the Creed. "God Bless America" is not the Doxology....
In the heat of partisan politics (out of which many of these overstatements and misunderstandings arise), we are tempted to forget that the most potent political act--the one act that deeply manifests and really empowers a "kind and noble society"--is the worship of Jesus Christ.
In worship we signal who is the Sovereign, not of just this nation, but of heaven and Earth. In worship we gather to be formed into an alternate polis, the people of God. It is here that we proclaim that a new political order--the kingdom of heaven—has been preached and incarnated by the King of Kings, and will someday come in fullness, a fullness to which all kingdoms and republics will submit....Let us be clear: The Christian citizen of every nation has a moral obligation to engage at some level in that nation's political life. We do not recommend withdrawal from the political arena. We admire especially those whose calling falls in this area--mayors, councilmen, senators, representatives, presidents. Theirs is as noble a calling as that of a plumber or pastor.
But Christians who enter that calling, and those who pray for and work with them, must not forget one thing: where hope for this nation, and the world, really lies, and where that hope is most manifest Sunday by Sunday. Such admonition has become necessary, it seems, only as a result of a defensive effort to save a culture drowning in a sea of moral relativism and rejection of God-centered standards. In doing so, have we lost sight of where the real sovereignty lies, obsessing over temporal legal and political battles rather than obsessing over our Almighty God? It is a danger, but I suspect the far greater threat would be to allow absurd moral proclamations to go unchecked without stern rebuke from those convinced by the truth of God.
--- Wednesday, June 22, 2005
A Heart to God and a Hand to Congressman
Cal Thomas argues that God must trump government in fighting for the heart and soul of a nation.
Jesus said he came to bring a sword. A sword divides. The primary objective for the Christian should be to seek and to point others toward Jesus, not to political parties and agendas.
The social ills confronting us have not produced our collective indifference to a moral code. They reflect that indifference. Fixing social ills does not begin in the halls of Congress or Supreme Court, but in individual human hearts.
Government can't go there. God can. But if God's servants prefer government to God, or seek to attach God to political parties and earthly agendas, they are doomed to futility.
Mr. Danforth notes Jesus sat with "tax collectors and sinners" and sees these acts as part of Jesus' "tolerance" and inclusiveness. But his purpose was not to justify their often corrupt tax-collecting practices and other sins. It was to lead them to repentance and faith in himself. He told the woman taken in adultery that while he did not condemn her, she was to "go and sin no more." To a moderate, I guess that was intolerant.
These concerns were never raised when religious moderates and liberals had the public square to themselves. They're upset because they have been marginalized. Still, Mr. Danforth is right about where true power to change people comes from, and it isn't from the state. Thomas is right about the sources of both the cultural depravity of America and its redemption. Only a spiritual awakening -- not political victory -- can truly revitalize the morally confused arenas of the culture. But neither can government be neutral on core moral concerns. The growing push in society seems to be directed toward a legal system that avoids the imposition of so-called "personal" values upon those who do not hold the same set of values, lest one's worldview or lifestyle be "offended." This is fine to a point, and inevitable amidst the diversity of religious and irreligious beliefs in the modern society.
Yet an overarching philosophy must be appealed to in order to establish societal moral boundaries. In America, that foundation has traditionally been the Judeo-Christian ethic, but the foundation is cracked. Thus the battle of ideas must take place first and foremost in the individual heart -- but also in the collective conscience of a society and its government.
--- Monday, June 20, 2005
Appeal from Faith
Former NY governor Mario Cuomo, always willing to disregard any role of faith in society, hopes to release embryonic stem cell research from the religious restriction.
Mr. Bush does not deny the greater potential of embryonic stem cells: he says his decision was compelled by his belief that retrieving stem cells from the embryo destroys it, thereby resulting in the killing of a human being that cannot be justified no matter how vast the potential benefits.
The president did not claim his conclusion was based on biomedical science....No doubt the president's belief that human life begins with fertilization is shared by millions of Americans, including many Christians and evangelists. But it remains a minority view and one that the president applies inconsistently. Although Mr. Bush believes that destroying an embryo is murder, he refuses to demand legislation to stop commercial interests that are busily destroying embryos in order to obtain stem cells. If their conduct amounts to murder as the president contends, it is hardly satisfactory for him to say he will do nothing to stop the evil act other than to refuse to pay for it.
However well the president has negotiated the political shoals, he has produced a moral and intellectual mishmash that has failed to dissuade Congress from going further than he has in advancing stem cell research.
To extricate himself from an untenable position, the president should start by following the successful pattern established in other areas of dealing with the clash of religious and political questions, including the law concerning abortion. The right of true believers to live by their own religious beliefs will be guaranteed: no one will be compelled to use stem cell research or its products, just as no one will ever be compelled to have an abortion. And the nation will respect the right of believers to advocate for changes in our civil law that correspond with their own view of morality. Pluralism, however, does not always bode well as a legal foundation. The law can never be bent to accomodate all viewpoints, lest it be rendered to nothing.
Nor can "science" be appointed the final arbiter of discrepancies, since science is unable to answer questions of morality. (Though if we appeal to science to determine when life begins, we would have to conclude that a human embryo is not fundamentally different than a newborn baby.) But if "facts" aren't enough to establish a legal philosophy, an arbitrary system of "you live by your conviction, I'll live by mine" creates only disorder.
An underlying worldview will dictate the societal standards of law and ethics. Gov. Cuomo clearly wants America to be ruled by a humanistic or naturalistic mindset, but he cannot pretend that other sets of values can be compatible.
--- Friday, June 17, 2005
Marriage Act Vindicated in Calif.
The federal Defense of Marriage Act survived a legal test this week, in Southern California of all places.
Ruling in a suit by two gay men who were denied a marriage license in Orange County, U.S. District Judge Gary Taylor said the 1996 federal Defense of Marriage Act promotes "the stability and legitimacy of what may reasonably be viewed as the optimal union for procreating and rearing children by both biological parents.''
Taylor declined the couple's request to rule on the constitutionality of California's law, which -- like laws in effect in every state except Massachusetts -- allows only opposite-sex couples to marry. He noted that a San Francisco judge's ruling in March, which found that the law violates the rights of gays and lesbians to marry the partner of their choice, was based entirely on the California Constitution. That ruling is on hold during the state's appeal.
But the significance of Taylor's decision is that it was only the third in the nation to address the validity of the Defense of Marriage Act, and the only one headed for appeal to higher courts. Rulings in Washington state and Florida, upholding other aspects of the law, have not been appealed. The bad news: if appealed, the case would go to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, infamous for finding the Pledge of Allegiance an unconstitutional promotion of religion.
The Education of PBS
CitizenLink critiques a forthcoming PBS program about a Texas girl who lost faith in the message of abstinence.
The documentary followed Knox for five years and details her transition from being a young teen who once pledged to be abstinent until marriage to an activist for comprehensive sex education in the schools....
Knox is there with her parents. Music plays and the audience is shown worshiping. Parents and teens hold hands. Ainsworth explains they are going to commit to purity before God, their parents, to their future husband or wife and the world.
The Knox family has formed a circle and Shelby slips a silver ring on her finger as a symbol of her commitment to abstinence.
"I will hold you to this commitment," her dad says in an encouraging tone.
The film's title would suggest that at this point in her life she is the "uneducated" Shelby Knox, because later in her teen years we find Knox commenting about pregnancy at her school. The halls are filled with young students carrying books and one obviously pregnant girl is spotted chatting with a teacher....The film shows how Shelby takes up fight against abstinence-until-marriage education. She becomes part of a city-wide youth commission, a group of activist students, but even they are unwilling to take the cause to the level she desires. So she aligns herself with a gay-straight club seeking access to a Lubbock high school, but those results also disappoint her. Susan Adams has also criticized the project, which seems to have as its primary purpose the marginalization of the promotion of chastity. Not that this is a new phenomenon, though it is disappointing for it to find such a medium in public broadcasting (perhaps that's enough reason to be relieved that Congress is considering lifting some of its taxpayer funding).
Schiavo Report Does Not Resolve Moral Issues
National Review editorializes that the release of Terri Schiavo's autopsy failed to alter the moral debate in favor of keeping her alive.
About the main arguments against killing Terri Schiavo, the autopsy had nothing to say. Many people believed that it is wrong deliberately to bring about the death of innocent human beings, whatever their condition; that it is especially wrong when there is doubt about what that person wanted, and when her family members are willing to provide care for her; that Mr. Schiavo was too compromised to make this decision; that a law enabling the killing of people in a "persistent vegetative state" should not be stretched to cover people who might be "minimally conscious"; and that the Supreme Court should not have established the current lax standards for denying incapacitated people food and water. Nobody who believed these things has any reason to change his mind based on this week's evidence. Admittedly, there is very little that the autopsy could have said that would have painted a clear moral picture -- at least one that would vindicate killing Terri. Whatever else was true, she was a living human being who was deprived of food and water for the last two weeks of her life. And that's a disturbing trend to set.
Meanwhile, Florida governor Jeb Bush wants further investigation into Michael Schiavo's role in his wife's tragic collapse.
--- Thursday, June 16, 2005
Unanswered Questions -- Still Unanswered
Terri Schiavo's autopsy results were released yesterday, and while they provided some important clues into the mystery of her tragic circumstances, there remains no conclusive evidence that her life was so worthless that she should have been discarded. Indeed, such a conclusion could never have appeared in a medical examination anyway. Concerned Women for America states that Terri's death has hardly become justified.
"Terri Schiavo's autopsy results confirm what was feared -- she was disabled, and her death was due to the deliberate denial of hydration," said Wendy Wright, CWA's senior policy director. "The autopsy report described Terri's medical history and condition in detail, but the cold reality of the truth is that her cause of death was 'dehydration.' Terri Schiavo died because the court ordered the removal of the instrument that provided her water.
"There is no medical condition or disability that should ever be championed as a justifiable reason to deny water to a human being. Every human life has worth and a purpose apart from its 'merit' to society that must be vigorously defended and upheld, not crushed."
"While people may personally dread becoming handicapped, people with disabilities deserve mercy, not malice. Only a calloused society in moral freefall would deny a disabled person her most basic need -- water," said Wright. The medical examiner said that no case is ever closed, but Terri's plight will now undoubtedly slip from the collective memory of American culture. But the questions of human life remain as pressing as ever, and we must not grow callous toward the inherent preciousness of life.
--- Wednesday, June 15, 2005
Lost in the Middle?
The Washington Post highlights an apparently growing cooperation between religious leaders with different ideologies -- and different religions.
After a year in which religion played a polarizing role in U.S. politics, many religious leaders are eager to demonstrate that faith can be a uniter, not just a divider. The buzzwords today in pulpits and seminaries are crossover, convergence, common cause and shared values.
Last week in Washington, representatives of more than 40 U.S. denominations took part in the Convocation on Hunger at the National Cathedral, where they sang a Tanzanian hymn while the choir director shook a gourd full of seeds and children laid breads from around the world on the altar.
It may have been mistaken for a hippie ceremony were it not for the sight of clergy from the Southern Baptist Convention, Assemblies of God and other evangelical churches praying alongside Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Roman Catholics, Greek Orthodox, mainline Protestants and Jews.
The show of solidarity was partly a reaction against "the recent manipulation of religion in ways that are divisive and partisan," said David Beckmann, a Lutheran minister and president of Bread for the World, a nonprofit group that helped organize the service.
"Because religion has been dragged into political life in some ways, this is the religious leadership of the nation saying, 'No, let us show you what religion in the public square should really be about,'" he said. I hesitate to be overly critical of an ideological ceasefire that could potentially achieve some practical and tangible results in bringing hope to the world. But compromise is not an inevitable good. While a few people may receive needed charity of food or money, the search for truth will necessarily be diluded when leaders of different faiths gather to pray to their respective deities. We can lend a helping hand to those even with the most profoundly different worldviews, but the true God is not willing to share the table with other recipients of worship -- regardless of their earthly objectives.
--- Tuesday, June 14, 2005
Before the Common Sense Era
A columnist in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel hits on one of my all-time PC pet peeves.
A.D., of course, stands for "anno Domini," or "in the year of the Lord," to which some reply, "He isn't my lord," or "I don't know, but I suppose someone could be offended." No one's paid this much attention to Latin phrases since the William F. Buckley Fan Club threw a three-day rave.
So high school teachers are doing what professors have done for years, using C.E., for "common era," and B.C.E. for what came before. The AP reports the trend has reached Advanced Placement tests and many textbooks....
Calendars that imply it's nominally 2005 years since Jesus was born hang in both the Bible Belt and the Freedom from Religion Foundation; those calendars account for none of the divergence in belief. "Anno Domini" doesn't grant the church dominion any more than using the name "Thursday" implies devotion to Thor.
"We joke about it," says Christine Stone, a woman who takes Thor quite seriously. But she says she and others in the Wolfmoon Kindred, a Wisconsin group that follows old Germanic religious practices - she calls herself a heathen - do not see it as a big hug from mainstream culture simply because their gods' names are attached to days of the week.
So, too, with A.D.: It's not a prayer, but it is a marker of where we came from, not lightly tossed aside.
One needn't agree personally that Jesus' life was important enough to serve as a pivot for history. But it has been seen so by enough people for enough years that it's part of the bedrock under Western culture's topography. The shift from AD/BD to CE/BCE represents the heights of absurdity in political correctness. One wonders what one is supposed to answer when a child wants to know what happened 2000 years ago to begin the "common era" (and what was so uncommon before that?). Striking the name -- or at least the title, in Latin -- of Christ from the calendar doesn't protect anybody from being offended, and seems to serve no real purpose other than to defy tradition and declare independence from the acknowledgement of a divine Lord.
Faith's Office Space
A column in Slate offers an interesting analysis of laws and court decisions affecting religious liberty within the workplace.
Last month, the Supreme Court upheld a 2000 federal law that requires prisons to make exceptions to rules that conflict with the religious practices of inmates....The law at issue in Cutter applies in only two areas: land-use regulation and prisons. But the political momentum in favor of expanded religious accommodation has broader implications. For the last 15 years, there has been a periodic tug of war between Congress and the courts over the definition of religious freedom. Now the battle over religious accommodation is moving to the sphere of private employment. The Workplace Religious Freedom Act of 2005, introduced in the Senate this spring, has an odd constellation of supporters and opponents. Its sponsors include Pennsylvania Sen. Richard Santorum, a religious conservative, and Massachusetts liberal John Kerry. In what must be a sign of the end of days, Hillary Clinton has found common cause with Orrin Hatch in support of WRFA. On the other side, civil rights activists, including the ACLU and the National Women's Law Center, have joined with businesses in opposition.
Employment discrimination on the basis of religion has violated federal law for 30 years. But reasonable people can and do differ as to what qualifies as discrimination. The easiest cases are intentional. Most employers, however, aren't dumb enough to announce their illegal intentions ("Let's forbid head coverings so we can get rid of all the Sikhs and Muslims"), so it can be hard to prove intentional discrimination. Instead, many cases involve rules that don't target religion but incidentally penalize religious practice. A dress code that forbids headwear screens out the Sikh's turban and the Muslim's headscarf, along with the cowboy's Stetson and the beatnik's beret. A requirement that employees work on Saturdays cuts into the social life of all employees and into the religious life of observant Jews and Seventh Day Adventists. A rule that employees refrain from non-work-related conversations with customers penalizes the chatty and the Evangelical Protestant whose beliefs require her to spread the Gospel. As much as I support the advocacy of substantial religious freedom in both the public and private spheres, I'm not so sure that the government has a mandate to step in and dictate the degree to which organizations and businesses can discriminate against certain practices. It seems that the convictions of a company may be pitted against those of an individual, and the line between the two cannot always be easily drawn. While certain compromises may need to be made, the government is not qualified to differentiate between the essential and nonessential elements of a religion. And though a variety of worldviews does not necessarily corrupt a secular enterprise, neither is pluralism an inherent good.
--- Monday, June 13, 2005
Mismatched?
Salon.com has an interesting profile with the founder of eHarmony, an organization that began as a Focus on the Family approved Christian dating service (and created by an evangelical writer) but has recently been heavily seeking a broader appeal.
Since it's not a secret that Warren is an evangelical Christian with strong ties to the conservative Christian community -- including a prior business relationship with Focus on the Family leader James Dobson -- I suspected that his views on social issues came straight from the Christian right, and the longer the company dodged my calls the more skeptical I got.
Eharmony, it turned out, had been equally skeptical of me. "Salon, I think, is known for being harsh," Warren said. "I wouldn't want you to make me sound bad because, for instance, I believe in God or I pray."
It's an issue Warren is sensitive about, especially right now, as he makes a break from Dobson's ministry. In late May, after Warren began to publicly distance himself from Focus on the Family, Dobson announced a formal separation of sorts on his radio program. It's a significant split; the conservative, evangelical community nourished Warren's nascent business, and now he appears to be leaving it behind for the secular world. Part of his reluctance to talk to a reporter whom he guessed would press him on religious and social issues may well have had to do with the delicacy of his situation. Is he a moral man who has begun to question the narrowness of the Christian right, especially their position on gays? Or is he a savvy opportunist looking for a bigger market share? And if it means that he is opening himself up to a more nuanced and accepting worldview, does it really matter? I suppose it isn't necessarily negative for a professing Christian evangelical to make a believer (of sorts) of a Salon reporter, but at what price? I hold substantial skepticism toward the practical and moral benefits of online dating, but Dr. Warren has always seemed to be a principled matchmaker intent on helping people discover true love.
But can a human couple find true "harmony" outside of the immeasurable love of Christ? I don't think it possible, and I submit that Dr. Warren's clientele are not fully served if they are prompted in human relationships while ignoring the spiritual ones. And in the Salon article he seems ultimately willing to bend even on more fundamental moral questions in apparent effort to shed any charges of right-wing nuttery.
"Where Focus on the Family and a lot of these other places come from is that there are six places in the Bible that say homosexuality is wrong," he said. The hairs on the back of my neck stood up. But then he continued: "On the other hand, in the Old Testament if you work on the Sabbath day and you're guilty then you should be shot."
I was surprised to hear him play out his internal debate so openly. Sure, he remained fairly benighted on issues of homosexuality, but I had to acknowledge he's from a different time and culture. I wish that I'd been able to have a conversation this frank with my late grandfather, who was not exactly open to sexual, religious or racial differences -- and whom I loved very much. How could I not appreciate the fact that Warren was at least engaging the topic? I'm not sure what Dr. Warren believes his primary mission to be, but if he abandons the expectations of God in the foundational designs and purposes of marriage, then he won't help change the world for the better.
The Stall Door to Insanity
World Magazine reports on an Oregon city that is considering opening its (bathroom) doors to let people decide whether their gender "identity" requires them to use the men's or the ladies' room.
Most women in Eugene, Ore.--or any city, for that matter--have no interest in sharing public restrooms with men. But if the city council approves a new ordinance backed by the local Human Rights Commission (HRC), the women of Eugene will be asked to do just that.
The city's current Human Rights Ordinance bars discrimination in housing, employment, and public accommodations on the basis of race, religion, color, sex, national origin, ethnicity, marital status, familial status, age, sexual orientation, or source of income. The new ordinance would add "gender identity" to that list of personal traits–a provision that would allow bathroom choice based on psychological self-appraisal: Do I feel like a man or a woman?...
The HRC will hear from detractors in a public forum on June 21, but barring any unforeseen surprises will move its ordinance proposal into the city council for a vote this fall. Unlike former Eugene mayor Jim Torrey, who threatened to veto such a package three years ago, current mayor Kitty Piercy accepts the notion of gender identity as legitimate. What's strange about this -- among many other things -- is that such laws are often suggested under the guise of making everyone feel "comfortable," regardless of their lifestyle choices. Yet one suspects that a lot of even "progressive" women would feel a bit awkward about sharing the water closet with a dude who wants to trade in his loafers for high heels. If comfort and privacy going to become the most intensely guarded rights, whose comfort and privacy gets protected and whose gets sacrificed?
It should be abundantly obviously that feeling comfortable cannot be a universal or inalienable right -- which is why there must be moral and ethical standards.
--- Thursday, June 09, 2005
Drawing a Line in the Stem Sand
Salon.com offers a primer of sorts on the stem-cell debate -- or more precisely, why Christian conservatives and their glorious leader are so hypocritical about those embryos.
Is an embryo, as Bush says, a "real human life"?
It's not an easy question to answer. Indeed, whether or not embryos are human beings has been one of the most contentious debates in bioethics during the past decade -- and in the end the decision would seem to be a highly personal, moral choice....
Does Bush's position on stem cell research reflect strongly held personal beliefs?
Well, we have no way of knowing what Bush actually believes. It certainly is possible that he really thinks of embryos as deserving the same moral consideration as the rest of us.
The problem, though, is that Bush's position is intellectually and morally inconsistent. If Bush really thinks embryos are human beings, you'd think he would insist on protecting them in all circumstances. But he's not. And it would appear that the reason he's not is because if he did, the public wouldn't stand for it and he and the GOP would pay a steep political price. As Dawn Eden points out, there is a growing trend by the left in this discussion to affix it to the implications of in vitro fertilization, creating -- voila! -- instant hypocrisy!
Left-wingers have come to rely on the divide-and-conquer tactic, and the embryonic stem-cell lobby doesn't miss an opportunity to use it with regard to Bush's position. These relativists are hoping that conservatives will be so stung by the moral relation between the embryo issues--stem cells and IVF--that they will become paralyzed, unable to support Bush on one while disagreeing on another. Indeed, for an article claiming to offer "everything you always wanted to know about the stem-cell debate," about half of it is spent attacking the apparent contradiction between the right's views on stem cells and its position (or lack thereof) on IVF. I've conceded before that the latter is probably an issue that we actually should consider more carefully, but it is not the same issue as dismembering embyros for medical research. Politically, of course, we know that it would be much more difficult to avoid promotion of embryonic stem-cell research if the issue is connected to in vitro fertilization -- which is why the left would want to blur the two and why the right would be tempted to ignore any connection.
Truly, however, there are fundamental questions about the foundations of human life that must be addressed seriously, and that will (or should) have influence on whether we approach embryos as elements of life to be protected or as "spare parts" with which we are free to tamper.
Pluralism on Display
An Oklahoma zoo has become somewhat of a strange battleground for the ongoing "science versus religion" debate, as Tulsa residents have lobbied for displays acknowledging the Biblical account of creation.
Zoo employees, religious leaders and others spoke in opposition, saying religion shouldn't be part of the taxpayer-funded scientific institution.
But those who favored the creationist exhibit, including Mayor Bill LaFortune, argued that the zoo already displayed religious items, including the statue of the Hindu god, Ganesh, outside the elephant exhibit and a marble globe inscribed with an American Indian saying, "The earth is our mother. The sky is our father."
"I see this as a big victory," said Dan Hicks, the Tulsa resident who approached the Tulsa Zoo with the idea for the exhibit. "It's a matter of fairness. To not include the creationist view would be discrimination."
Hundreds of people had signed a petition supporting a biblically based creation exhibit.
The new display will include a disclaimer that says it represents one view of origins. City attorneys also advised it be placed alongside other cultures' views of creation. With the zoo is presenting the beliefs of other religions, one finds it difficult to see how they could have justified the rejection of a display of Genesis' narrative of God's handiwork. Perhaps such an admission is indeed a victory in the pursuit and presentation of truth, but relegating the Scripture's version of life's origin to just one of many "myths" that the zoo clearly sees as outside the realm of "science" doesn't seem all that encouraging. Distancing the claims of the Scripture apart from the reality of science largely serves to promote the inviolable gap that supposedly exists between the two. And while some religions may pride themselves on allowing a separation between faith and fact, the one true God stakes His claim upon all truth -- spiritual or physical.
--- Tuesday, June 07, 2005
Courting Danger in the Old Dominion
The Washington Times critiques a recent court decision in Virginia that struck down a statewide ban on partial-birth abortion.
Unlike a much-discussed Nebraska bill that would have prohibited a number of abortion procedures, this Virginia law focused narrowly on protecting the infant itself as it is being delivered. It allowed several procedures that the Nebraska law would have banned and made an exception for cases where the mother's life is at risk. None of that stopped the court from ruling that the law's clause to protect the life of mothers was inadequate.
The "infanticide" claim doesn't originate with us; it comes from Judge Paul V. Niemeyer, one of the three justices who sits on the court. In his 27-page dissent, Judge Neimeyer calls the ruling "a bold, new law that, in essence, constitutionalizes infanticide of a most gruesome nature." In some uncommonly harsh words for his colleagues, Judge Niemeyer called the ruling "unfit for the laws of a people of liberty" and said it "unnecessarily distances our jurisprudence from that of the Supreme Court and from general norms of morality." To give readers a sense of the other side, Judge Niemeyer quotes the plaintiff, Dr. William Fitzhugh, describing his work. "My job on any given patient is to terminate that pregnancy, which means that I don't want a live birth." I haven't read the decision, but if the Virginia law is as narrow as the Times suggests, it is unconscionable that a court could be so callous as to keep the door open to such a grotesque procedure as these late-term abortions. I'm convinced that abortion at any stage is wrong, but there is something incredibly barbaric about killing a baby who is separated from birth by only a few inches and a few minutes. The debate to determine when life begins cannot be gray eight or nine months into a pregnancy (and perhaps not before then).
--- Monday, June 06, 2005
Stem-Cell Loophole?
The Washington Post reports on new methods of extracting embryonic stem cells that may avoid the moral concerns of destroying embryos for their cells.
The research is still young and largely unpublished, and in some cases it is limited to animal cells. Scientists doing the work also emphasize their desire to have continued access to human embryos for now. It is largely by analyzing how nature makes stem cells, deep inside days-old embryos, that these researchers are learning how to make the cells themselves.
Yet the gathering consensus among biologists is that embryonic stem cells are made, not born -- and that embryos are not an essential ingredient. That means that today's heated debates over embryo rights could fade in the aftermath of technical advances allowing scientists to convert ordinary cells into embryonic stem cells.
"That would really get around all the moral and ethical concerns," said James F. Battey, chief of the stem cell task force at the National Institutes of Health. The techniques under study qualify for federal grant support because embryos are not harmed, he noted. And eventually the work could boost the number of stem cell colonies, or lines, available for study by taxpayer-supported researchers. I would hesitate to suggest that such technology will answer all of the questions about the ethical nature of embryonic stem-cell research, but it certainly is a step in the right direction. Yet the article fails to acknowledge the stem cells taken from adults and proven medically promising. If the objective is to protect and defend the concept of human life, however, one is relieved that at least some scientists are working to find balance between medical research and life.
--- Friday, June 03, 2005
Heresy Is a Drag
WorldNetDaily reports on a new translation of the New Testament that makes just a few small edits -- namely, turning Christ into a woman.
"This long-awaited revised text of the Gospels makes the moral message of Christ more accessible to many, and more illuminating to all," says Billie Shakespeare, vice president for the publisher, in a statement. "It is empowering. We published this new Bible to acknowledge the rise of women in society."
WND sought comment from the LBI Institute's Stephen Glazier, but he did not return messages.
The new version, according to the publisher, revises familiar stories, tranforming the "Prodigal Son" into the "Prodigal Daughter" and the "Lord's Prayer" into the "Lady's Prayer." Since they seem to give no actual reason why the Lord was born -- or should have been born -- a woman, I can't help but think that this is a joke. If not, this new "gospel" is presumably meant to allude to an allegorical interpretation of Jesus' life in which He can become whatever one desires Him to be, including, apparently, a female named Judith. And ironically, the altering of the Lord's name may be even more substantial than changing His gender. The name Jesus comes from a Hebrew word meaning "God's salvation," which describes both who Christ is and why He came to earth. Judith, funny enough, comes from the feminine version of the name "Judas."
Maybe Try the Museum of Supernatural History...
The Washington Post takes another shot at intelligent design theory and its subversive maneuvers to sneak God in the back door of science.
The invitation was straightforward enough: "The Director of the National Museum of Natural History and Discovery Institute are happy to announce the national premiere and private evening reception for The Privileged Planet: The Search for Purpose in the Universe," on June 23. But for the museum's directors, the decision to allow this film to be shown in one of their auditoriums turned out not to be straightforward at all. The Museum of Natural History is known, among other things, for its collection of fossils and its displays describing Darwin's theory of evolution. The Seattle-based Discovery Institute, by contrast, is known for its efforts to undermine the teaching of Darwinism in schools and to promote the theory of "intelligent design" -- life is so complicated it must have been designed by an intelligent creator.
For these reasons, the Smithsonian and its Museum of Natural History should have been wary of this project. But the film itself also should have given them pause. The museum's policy, according to its spokesman, is to allow private groups to use its auditorium for a fee -- in this case, $16,000 -- so long as the material shown is not religious or political in content. While "The Privileged Planet" is an extremely sophisticated religious film, it is a religious film nevertheless. It uses scientific information -- the apparently "perfect" position of Earth in its orbit and in its galaxy, the uniqueness of its atmosphere -- to answer, affirmatively, the philosophical question of whether life on Earth was part of a grand design, and not just the result of chance and chemistry. Neither God nor evolution is mentioned. Nevertheless, the film is consistent with the Discovery Institute's general aim, which is to drive a wedge into the scientific consensus about the origins of life and the universe and to give a patina of scientific credibility to the idea of an intelligent creator. The editorial goes on to say that the Smithsonian ended up withdrawing its support for the project. For a newspaper and a museum supposedly dedicated to the free exchange of ideas, this seems like a bizarre form of censorship. The Post's assessment that "it is a religious film nevertheless" is a purely subjective comment that it never bothers to explain in this editorial. Merely because it makes a philosophical argument that departs from evolutionary theory and allows the possibility of supernatural activity does not turn the film into a "religious" presentation.
Not that I really would mind if it were, but this editorial jumps to the erroneous conclusion that spiritual philosophy can never share the stage with scientific debate. Truth knows not the boundaries between science and philosophy and theology.
Planned Perversity?
Planned Parenthood is on the defensive as officials in Kansas and Indiana are seeking to acquire some of their records in order to determine whether young girls have been given abortions without proper criminal reports being filed. Rich Lowry says the coverup doesn't reflect an agenda geared toward genuinely serving pregnant teenagers.
Can you say "perverse"? Planned Parenthood in Indiana and Kansas is effectively fighting to protect child rapists from potential prosecution in two high-profile legal fights. That an organization devoted to the interests of women finds itself in this position is a cautionary tale of abortion-rights extremism....
Why would a feminist organization not be eager to cooperate in a fight against the sexual exploitation of young girls? Well, Planned Parenthood represents that wing of the feminist billed as "sex positive." Although that phrase doesn’t quite capture it. Planned Parenthood is developing the "statutory rape-positive" wing of feminism.
These feminists are unwilling to pass judgment on any sex in any circumstances, don’t care if parents are cut out of the equation entirely, believe the right to an abortion trumps any other consideration, and embrace a notion of privacy so sweeping it includes men who have, under law, raped their young sexual partners. If only Michael Jackson were interested in girls instead of boys, he might, in the right circumstances, have a friend in Planned Parenthood. Whether the organization is covering up crimes -- presumably to avoid placing an "undue" burden upon any victims of rape who want to terminate their pregancies -- I find it hard to believe that Planned Parenthood is acting in the best interests of their young patients. Do they see some kind of right-wing plot to overthrow Roe v. Wade couched in these investigations? If they thwart state laws by failing to report minors who seek their "services," the rest of us will be left thinking that the group cares more about aborting babies than protecting young people.
--- Thursday, June 02, 2005
'An Embryo Crusade'
The New York Times profiles a trend that exposes some of the wild intersections between technological advances and moral conviction in the debate over human embryos.
With that, the McClures, who are in their 40's and live in Bellevue, Wash., decided to take 13 embryos from a fertility clinic in Austin, Tex. They had a son 10 months ago and became part of an unexpected alliance that conservative Christians have been forming with the world of test-tube babies.
That alliance was on prominent display last week when, to protest a bill supporting the use of embryos for stem cell research, President Bush appeared with the McClures and 20 other Snowflakes families, kissing the babies, some of whom wore T-shirts that said "former embryo," or "this embryo was not discarded." Federal and state lawmakers have held similar appearances.
People on this part of the political spectrum have begun calling the process "embryo adoption," echoing the phrase that Snowflakes uses instead of "embryo donation." The Health and Human Services Department has termed the process embryo adoption in certain grants. Bills that would formally call it "embryo adoption" have begun to filter into statehouses in California, New Jersey and Massachusetts, states that, not coincidentally, are at the forefront of legalizing and encouraging embryonic stem cell research.
The adoption terminology irritates the fertility industry, abortion rights advocates and supporters of embryonic stem cell research, who believe that the language suggests -- erroneously, they maintain -- that an embryo has the same status as a child. Though I've become extremely leery of the in vitro fertilization process and its often callous regard for human embryos, this concept could be a positive alternative to destroying unused embryos -- and a valid response to the argument that "they will be destroyed anyway." Still, such a thoroughly modern idea as "embryo adoption" serves to highlight the extremely difficult to discussion over our fundamental understanding of human life and how free we are to tamper with it. Scientifically, the limits are proving ever flexible, but that cannot be an excuse to allow moral boundaries to expand at the same pace.
The End of Safe TV Sets
The NBC and WB networks have apparently decided to encourage "safe sex" during their prime-time viewing hours.
Though no formal government or industry restrictions prevent condom commercials from being shown in prime time, condom ads have traditionally been banished to late-night hours or cable networks. But television airwaves have recently become more open to products dealing with sexual health, evidenced by frequent network commercials for erectile dysfunction drugs and female contraception.
The new Trojan campaign includes four commercials focusing on sexual health statistics compiled by Trojan. The first commercial, viewable on Trojan's Web site before its television premiere, begins with a graphic explaining that 40 percent of people who know they are HIV positive do not divulge that fact to their sexual partners. All of the spots will include the message: "Other than abstinence, there is only one way to protect yourself. Use a condom every time." It seems that we really need protection every time we watch TV. "Safe" sex hardly offers absolute moral, emotional, or even physical security, and it is manipulative and deceptive to proclaim otherwise, particularly to an audience comprised largely of teenagers and college students. The message is loud and clear, though, that chastity isn't a real option, so Trojan and other companies are valiantly defending the right to share physical intimacy with anyone at anytime, free from consequence. How tragic that such voices resound so prominently, with the hope of true love relegated to a whisper.

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